Watershed Testing

Introduction

There are many reasons for determining water quality. You may want to compare the water quality upstream and downstream to locate a possible source of pollutants along a river or stream. Another reason may be to track the water quality of a watershed over time by making measurements periodically. When comparing the quality of a watershed at different times, it is important that measurements be taken from the same location and at the same time of day.

In 1970, the National Sanitation Foundation, in cooperation with 142 state and local environmental specialists and educators, devised a standard index for measuring water quality. This index, known as the Water Quality Index, or WQI, consists of nine tests to determine water quality. These nine tests are; temperature, pH, turbidity, total solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, phosphates, nitrate, and fecal coliform. A graph for each of the nine tests indicates the water quality value (or Q-value) corresponding to the data obtained. Once the Q-value for a test has been determined, it is multiplied by a weighting factor. Each of the tests is weighted based on its relative importance to a stream’s overall quality. The resulting values for all nine tests are totaled and used to gauge the stream’s health (excellent, good, medium, poor, or very poor).

For the purpose of this exercise, you will perform only four of the WQI tests: water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and total dissolved solids. A modified version of the WQI for these four tests, will allow you to determine the general quality of the stream or lake you are sampling.

Objectives

In this experiment, you will

• Use a Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Conductivity, and pH Probe to make on-site measurements.
• Calculate the water quality based on your findings.