Investigating Commercial Hand Warmers
Experiment #12 from Vernier Chemistry Investigations for Use with AP* Chemistry
- Education Level
- High School
- Subject
- Chemistry
Introduction
For centuries, humans have put various items into their mittens and boots to help keep their fingers and toes warm when the weather outside was very cold. There are several different types of products advertised as “hand warmers” or “foot warmers.” Some of these products are designed to retain warmth from an exothermic chemical reaction or a physical change.
One type of hand warmer is composed of a tightly sealed and insulated packet within which there are two smaller packets. One packet holds a volume of water and the other packet holds a powdered solid. You twist or squeeze the packet, and then shake it a little to mix the materials. As the solid dissolves, it releases heat.
Objectives
In the Initial Investigation, you will use a Temperature Probe to determine the temperature change of two substances as they dissolve in water. After completing the Initial Investigation, you will test several substances to determine which one can make the best hand warmer based on two factors: enthalpy of solution and cost.
Sensors and Equipment
This experiment features the following sensors and equipment. Additional equipment may be required.
Ready to Experiment?
Ask an Expert
Get answers to your questions about how to teach this experiment with our support team.
- Call toll-free: 888-837-6437
- Chat with Us
- Email support@vernier.com
Purchase the Lab Book
This experiment is #12 of Vernier Chemistry Investigations for Use with AP* Chemistry. The experiment in the book includes student instructions as well as instructor information for set up, helpful hints, and sample graphs and data.
