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A4.1.2—Evidence for evolution from base sequences in DNA or RNA and amino acid sequences in proteins

Experiments

Here are experiments our science specialists have selected to support this IB* topic.

Introduction to Molecular Evolution

Experiment #21 from Investigating Biology through Inquiry

In this Preliminary Activity, you will (1) extract proteins from muscle tissue, (2) conduct electrophoresis of the resulting protein extracts, (3) analyze the results using Logger Pro, and (4) construct a cladogram using the results.

After completing the Preliminary Activity, you will first use reference sources to find out more about protein gel electrophoresis before you choose and investigate a researchable question. Some topics to consider in your reference search are:

  • protein
  • amino acid
  • gel electrophoresis
  • fish
  • evolutionary tree
  • cladogram
  • phylogenetic relationships
  • SDS-PAGE
  • denature
  • molecular weight
  • dalton
  • kilodalton (kD)

Educational Standard
International Baccalaureate (IB) 2025
Subject
Biology
Theme
A Unity and Diversity
Level of organization
4 Ecosystems
Topic
A4.1 Evolution and speciation
Section
Standard level and higher level

* The IB Diploma Program is an official program of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) which authorizes schools to offer it. The material available here has been developed independently of the IBO and is not endorsed by it.

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